Art of making cinematographic projections



Aug. 12,1930. E; H. v. NOAILLON ART Q1 IAKING CINEMATOGRAPHIG PROJECTIONS s Sheets-She 1 Filed Dec. 18, 1928 ATTORNEY Aug. 12, 1930. E; H. v. NOAILLON ART OF MKING CINEMATOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS Filed Dec. 18, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I NVEN TOR Edmond benr/ Vie for /V0a/'//0fl ATTORNEY 232.?" ordlna-ry Patented Aug. 12, 1930 :mwr OF IC 4 IDIORD 11mm: vzcron nontnou, or naussnns. anaemic an or name cmmroemmc raomc'rxous Application filed December- 18, 1828, Serial No. 828,887, and in Belgium December 27, 1987.

r This invention relates to improvements in the art of making cinematographic projections. It has for its object to secure stereoscopic projections by means of two rojection apparatus workin synchronical y, one apparatus projecting t e picture to be seen by the right eye of the s ectator and the other apparatus projecting t e one to be seen by the left eye, the stereoscopic vision being secured without the necessity for the spectator of providing his eyes with any auxillary apparatus. j

With this object in view the invention essentially consists in the special arrangements is and combinations of parts and apparatus as hereinafter full described and pointed out in the appende claims. Referring to the annexed drawings which show, as an example, one embodiment of the invention. c c

Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a vertical longitudinal section of a cinema hall provided with the. necessary equipment to secure stereoscopic vision.

Figure 2 shows diagrammatically, on an enlarged scale a transverse section of the hall, the said section being taken on line IIII in Figure 1- and showing the arrangement of a "part of the apparatus cooperating with the screen on which the pictures are projected. A 1

Figure 3 shows also, diagrammatically but at a still enlar ed scalethe detail of the arrangement of t e rojection apparatus which .is shown at 4 in igures 1 and 2.

Figure 4' is a front view of a detail of the projection apparatus and Figure 5 a top view of the same detail.

Figure 6 illustrates diagrammatically the connection between the filter and micro-filter for synchronous operation thereof.

Figure 7 is .a diagrammatic illustration of the relation of the filters. c

In the arrangement shownin Figures 1 and 2, the hall A isvprovided 'asusually with a screen 1 in front of which is mounted a flat screen 2 which will be hereinafter called the filter. This filter which will be described hereinafter more in detail is made of a plane 60 'surfacepierced with a series of slits which tion is secured by aid of a crank 12 acting two levers 16 which are pivoted on fixed preferably converge substantiall towards a po1nt3 onwhich the filter is adapted to be. moved, for instance oscillated in its own plane; this point 3 is situated on the line .of intersection of the plane of the screen and of the plane of the filter. 4, in Figures 1 and 2, designs a double rojector, shown separately on Figure 3, r0 ect- 111g on the screen 1, a double film o? w ich each element comprises two juxtaposed stereoscopic pictures. The left hand picture and the right hand picture are projected simultaneously, the left hand picture issuing from the double projector 4 at the point 5 and the r1ght hand picture at the point 6 of the o5 pro'ector.(Figures 2 and 3).

he bundles of luminous rays issuing from the points 5 and 6 of the double projector 4 .reach the screen 1, in the example shown,

after having been reflected by a mirror 7 located in the hall on the-wall opposite to the screen 1 and after their passage through the filter 2. This filter may be formed as an example of a metallic rectangular frame 2 on which are fixed metal bands 8 preferably of black colour or other non-reflecting and opaque material which are arranged so as to converge substantially towards the point 3. These bands are spaced by slits 9, the central lines of which are spaced so as to intercept 30 equal segments on a horizontal line; the edges of these slits are straight lines converging at the point 3. In the example shown, the filter 2 is suspended from cables 10 in which springs 10 are inserted. Other cables 11 connected to the lower angles of the frame 2 and converging to the point .3 prevent any oscillation or movement of the filter other than its oscillation around the point 3. This oscillaon two cables 13 which are connected to the filter after-their passage on guiding pulleys 14 and 15. The said pulleys are mounted on 96 points 17 and are connected'to each other through a cable 18 provided with a spring 19 holding the'whole system under tension. The levers 16 arefitted with weights 20 which balance the reactions of inertia of the whole system in such a manner that the oscillation of the filter does not cause any trepidation in the hall. f

The double projector which 'is shown diagrammatically at '4 in Fi ures 1 and 2 and which is located abovet e screen 1 in the example shown, com rises, as shown in Figure 3, a source "of lig t'21, the li ht of which is rendered parallel in two bundles by passing through two condensers 22. By means of plane mirrors'23 and 24 the two symmetrical bundles of parallel rays which are thus formed, and which are converging under a very acute angle, are thrown on a convex long focus lens 25.

Behind this lens 25 is mounted a plate of glass or other transparent material 26 here-.

mafter called the microfilter which is adapted to be'moved or oscillated in its plane 26 and which receives from the lens 25 the two bundles of slightly converging light rays.

, The microfilter 26 which isjshown separately on an enlarged scale on Figures 4 and 5- consists, as already. stated, of .a glass plate hav- 25 ing parallel faces, one of which is provided with concave grooves 27. These grooves preferably converge towards a given point which is the point around which the plate can be oscillated.

If a bundle 28 (Figure 5) of parallel or slightly converging rays is directed on one face of the glass-plate or microfilter, there will beformed .on lines which are supposed to be projected at 29, in Fi ure 5 (that is tosay at the focii of each 0 the small lenses which are formed by the cylindrico concave grooves 27) a virtual image having the shape of a. line of light. stri s of light converge just like the grooves of t e microfilter and oscillate around their converging lpoint when the microfilter is oscillate e line 30 on Figure 3 shows the plane containing the two series of virtual luminous lines which areproduced by the two bundles of light which are directed on the microfilter 26in the arrangement shown. After their passage through the microfilter 26, the two bundles of light are received by two double reflection'prisms 31 which bring them together and make them parallel to each other. Behind these prisms are placed two lenses or optical systems 32 which are located at the focus of the lens 25 and which project two reduced true images of .the virtual lines or strips of light 29 on a double film 33 which is displaced in front of reflection prisms 35, which are combined with objectives 34 cooperating with a second set of reflection prisms 36.

ment the objectives 34, by their cooperation with the reflection prisms 35 and 36 and with the mirror 7 project on the screen 1, the two pictures of each element of the double film e5 33and, as these ,pictures are lighted only These virtual lines or- .sitting on seats plac metrical As a consequence of this special arrange mages along substantially convergin lines or strips on account of the presence 0 the microfilter 26, the projections of the said pictures on the screen. are formed; also by a multiplicity of converging lighted lines or strips;

As already stated, the microfilter must moved or preferably oscillatedin its own plane. ThlS movement, in ractice, maybe mechanically produced by t e movement of the filter 2 in such a manner that the movements of the filter and of the microfilter will be the same and take place synchronically as shown by we of exam la in Fig. 6.

As shown in Fig. 6, t e micro-filter is oscillatable about the point 42 which is the point toward which the grooves 27 of the micro-filter converge. An elastic cable passingover the pulleys 44 is connected to the pomt- 45 on the micro-filter and to the point 46 of the cables 11 which latter osclllate with the filter about the point 3. The spring 47 maintains the cable 43 under tension at all times. v

The ratio of the distance between the points 3 and 46 and the points 45 and 42 is such that the angular movements of the filter and of the projection of the micro-filter are the same. I The'position and action of the microfilter 26 must be controlled in such a manner that the luminous bundles formed b the lighted lines or strips of the pictures which are pros jected, will pass through the middle of the slits 9 in the filter 2 and reach the screen 1 without being interfered by the metal bands 8 of the filter. The projection of each picture on the screen 1 will consequently consists of a multiplicity of lighted or luminous lines or between two adjacent luminous lines or strips of the other picture.

As shown diagrammatically on Figure 1,-

at the screen 1 are on ste s 37 in such a manner that their eyes will e approximatively in the plane 38 passing throu h the inthe spectators lookin tersection of the planescontainingt e screen 1 and the filter 2 and through the ima e39 of the double projector 4 in the mirror Further on both sides of the hall, ste s 40 may be placed on which spectators are 100 'ng at the mirror 7 in which they are seeing the image of "the screen. The eyes of these spectators are then placed in the neighbourhood of the plane 41 which corresponds 'to the syms scribed acts asfollows to secure the stereoscopic vision: The double film 33 being projected by the double projector 4 as above described, is

thrown, as already stated, in the shape of plane of plane 38 relatively to the 3; these luminous triangles are separated b filter and'to produce an occultation of the out 0 strips forming the left hand picture; should i If now, the blind which has to be placed before the point 6, is taken away, the two pictureswillbe thrown on the'screen' the planes 38 nv'rarsa bundles 'of luminous lines or .stri count of the action of the micro ter 26on the mirror 7 through wiiieh it is reflected on the screen '1 after passing through the slits 9 of the filter 2 moving or oscillating synchronically with the microfilter 26.

In order-to facilitate the understanding of the operation, it will hefir'st sup d that the filter 2 and the microfilter 26 are maintained in a fixed position, the movement of both filter and microfilter being momentarilystopped, and that a blindis put before the point 6 of the rojector in such a manner that only the le hand picture issuing from the oint 5 will be thrown on the screen 1.

e lighted or luminous lines or strips composing this picture will then bet-brown in the hall through the slits'9 of the filter 2,

in the shape of. bundles of difl'usedlight which will trace on the planes 38 and 4 1;(if the saidplanesare sup osed to be materialized) a series of ligh and lengthened. triangles, having their acute apex at the point dark triangles. Now, if a spectator-lookin at the screen 1 with only one eye, has the sai eye laced in a luminous triangle, he will see screen 1, the series of luminous lines or his eye be placed in a dark triangle, the screen would appear absolutely black. If'then the filter 2 and the microfilter 26am moved for instance oscillated synchronically at a suit able speed, the luminous triangles will remainstationary in the planes 38 and Hand the spectator, whose eye is located in a luminous triangle" will perceive, on looking at'the screen, instead of a series of lines'or strips, a continuous icture. However, as at the end of each osci lating movement of thefilter 2, a short moment of stoppage takes place, the

.picture will appear provided with dark zones corresponding to the black portions of the fil- I ter inits two positions at the end of its stroke.- To make these black lines or black portions disap ar completely, it is sufiicient to synchromze the forward movement or-displace-. ment of the film with: the oscillations of the film at the end of each stroke of the filter.

been supposed .has his left eye located in a luminous triangle eorresponding to the left hand picture and his righteye located in a luminous tri- -angle corresponding to the right hand pics, 'on face -ture, he will-have the screen, the plane 2 of the filter and the:

' the 3 through the rays 51 through the edges of the slits of 1 The result is that if ones eye is placed at be seen.

viously the seatslocated on the steps on the .steps 40 must be arranged in 'sucha; manner that their middle line ase aratin line of the triang es offvision of t e left and and right hand picture in such a manner that the spectators'will have their vision. a t us consider in Figure 1 a plane passing through'the point 39' (which is the image of the doub elprojector 4 seen-fin the mirror 7) and meetin screen according to horizontal lines. v

Figure 7 shows this plane in which 5 and 6 are the points from which issue the two gojections, the parallel lines 48, 49-an'd 50 tersection of this plane with the plane 1 of plane 38 of the eyesof the s ctators.

The slits P8 are equal to the full parts.

pass through.

p in the filtercorrespond to the 7 spaces in the line 49; those spaces'are equal. 7 y. and equidistant and moreoverthose spaces stereoscopicvisions ('Jb- '37 and eyes suitably placed to secure the stereo: I

the filter and the.

mg respectively the horizontal lines of in- 7 the slits of the filter, luminous rays 510i t e micro-filter constituting r the left-hand image and the point 6 projects in the same manner the luminous rays 52 of the micro filter constituting the right'hand image. The distancebetween the points 5 and 6 is chosen in such a way that the rays 51 are situated midway of the consecutive rays 52.

The construction lines of Fig. 7 show that distance between two from all the points of the segments 53 which are equldistant from the line 50, it is possible filter all the to see through the all the points of the whilst from 54 which are all the rays 52. If a spectator has his left eye at a point of a segment 53 and his right eye at a point of a segment 54, he will have the stereoscopic vision.

g If we join by lines both ends ofeach of segments 53.54 to the point of conver genes 3 of theslits of the filter 2, we will secure two series-of zones in the form ofelongated triangles having all'their apexes at the point 3 and the long sides of the said trian' les will-be the lines of intersection of thep ane 38 of the eyes with planes passin and 52 of the screen an the filter.

segments azpoint of a triangle having for its base a segment 53 and observes the screen through the filter, all the rays 51 will beseen. Consequentlyit is only necessary that aspectator have his left eye within a triangle 53 equidistant it is possible to see rays 51,

and his right eye within'a triangle 54 in order to have stereoscopic vision. b Ifhnow,.the filter and the rays produced e micro-filter on the screen are put in oscillation around their common ointof convergence, it is obvious that all t e triangular zones will remain motionless as indeed stereoscopic vision, but instead of seeing an image formed-by ra s, he will see'a continuous ima e, as indee the rays by movin on the motionless projected images will lig ten successive} all the portions of those images.

It will e understood that the invention is not restricted ,to the specific means de-- scribed as an example to illustrate the man-- her in which it may be performed and that it must be considered as extending also to .any modification falling within the scope of the appended claims.

.screen, the said filter bein What I claim is:

,1. In the art of making cinematographic projections, in combination a screen, means to project a double series of pictures on the said screen, a filter immediately in front of the screen and cooperating therewith,'the said filter being provided with .a single series of slits, all of said slits. conver 'ng toward a single point and being spaced rom each other by non reflecting and opaque bands, and oscillal-ting means to move the said filter in its own p ane. I c 4 '2. In the art of making cinematographic projections, in combination a screen, means to project, a double series of pictures on the said screen, a filter cooperating with the said provided with substantially converging shts spaced from each other by opaque hands, a microfilter cooperating with the projecting means whereby theseries of pictures which are to be projected through the filter ar'e lighted along spaced lines or stri s and means whereby the filter and microfi ter are adapted to be oscillated synchronically. Y

3. In the art of making cinematographic projections, in combination a screen, means to roject a double series of pictures on the sai screen, a filter cooperating with the said screen, the said filter bein provided with substantially converging sits spaced from each other by 0 aque bands, a plate of glasslike material t e said plate being provided on one face withsubstantially converging concave grooves actin as amicrofilter cooperating with the pro ectinglmeans, whereby the series of pictures whic are to be rojec'ted through the filter are lighted a on s aced lines or strips, the said microfilter an fi terbeing oscillated synchronically.

4. In the art of making cinematographic projections, incombination a screen, a double. Im, the said double film carrying two series of juxtaposed pictures, a projector cooperating with the said double film, a filter cogperating with the screen, 'the said filter eing other y opaque bands, means for moving the said filter, and a microfilter cooperating with the pro'ector, whereby the pictures carried by the film are lighted along spaced fines provided with slits spaced from each or strips before bein projected on the screen throu h the. slits of t e moving filter.

5. n the art of making cinematographic Im, the said double film carrying two series of juxtaposed pictures, a projector cooperating with the said double film, a filter placed in front of the screen, the said filter being provided with substantiall converging slits spaced from each other y opaque bands, means'w'hereby the said filter may be put in oscillation and a microfilter cooperating with the projector the said microfilter consisting of a glass like plate providedwith substantially converging concave grooves and oscillating synchromcally with the filter.

6. In the art of making cinematographic projections, in combination a screen, a source of light, a double film carrying two series of juxtaposed pictures, a projector, the said projector being provided with means whereby each series of pictures of the double film is {projected separately on the screen, a microlter orglass like surface provided with concave grooves, the said microfilter being located in the said projector between the source of light and the double film whereby the pictures carried b the doubler film are lighted alon' spaced ines or strips, and a filter laced -1n front of the screen, the said filter eing provided with slits spaced from each other, the said filter and microfilter being moved synchronically.

7 In the art of making cinematographic projections, in combination a screen, "a proector a double film carrying two series of :uxtaposed pictures, a mirror arranged oppo- .whereby the pictures carried by the double film are projectedon the said mirror in the shape of luminouslines or strips and a filter moving in front of the screen, the said filter being provided with slits spaced from each other, whereby the pictures of one series of the double film are thrown on the screen by the mirror in the shape of luminous lines or strips inserted between two adjacent luminous lines or strips of the second series of pictures carried by the said double film.

v8. In the art of making cinematographic projections in combination a screen, means to project a double series of pictures on said screens, a filter immediately, in front of the screen and coo crating therewith, said filterhaving a sing e series of slits therethrough spaced from each other by opaque bands, all of said slits convergin towards a point situated on the common ine of intersection of the plane'of the eyes of a spectator, of the filter and the screen, and oscillating means for moving the filter about the point of convergence of the slits in the filter.

9. In the art of making cinematographic projections in combination, a screen, means to project a doubleseries of pictures on said screens, a filter immediately in front of the screen and cooperating therewith, said filter having a single series of slits therethrough spaced from each other by opaque bands, all of said slits converging towards a oint, and operating means for moving the lter in its own plane about the point of convergence of the sides of the slits.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature.

EDMOND HENRI VICTOR NOAH-LON. 

